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| types of motion sensor motion sensors are divided into two types. what is a motion sensor? 1 the motion sensor is an infrared human detection sensor, which, as opposed to factory automation sen- sors that are used with factory equipment, is designed to be incor- porated into various devices that exist around us in daily life. motion sensors are not for use in factory automation. passive infrared type designed to cover a wide area, this sensor detects human presence. the sensor, rather than emitting light such as from leds, detects the amount of change in infrared rays that occurs when a person (object), whose temperature is different from the surroundings, moves. 1. as this sensor detects temperature differences, it is well suited to detecting the motion of people by their body tem- perature. 2. wide sensing area. 3. detection distance cannot be set. spot type 10m detection type standard type slight motion detection type area reflective type as the name implies this sensor emits infrared rays from an led. using the reflection of those rays the sensor measures the distance to the person (object) and detects whether or not it is exists within a spe- cific distance. (1) suitable for detection within specific ranges. (2) possible to select the detection distance. ?selection possible in 1 cm increments between 5 cm and 10 cm. ?selection possible in 10 cm increments between 20 cm and 200 cm. sensor short type (5 cm to 10 cm) long type (horizontal installation) (30 cm to 200 cm) long type (vertical installation) (30 cm to 200 cm) middle type (20 cm to 80 cm) infrared radiation sensor temperature difference movement infrared radiation the world s smallest with a built-in amplifier mp motion sensor a compact distance-type sensor that is not easily influenced by reflection ratio. ma motion sensor feature 02.2.12 1:56 pm page 8
other application examples recommended conditions of use 1. detection over a wide area (see note). 2. when the detection range extends to the wall or floor. note: if you wish to limit the range of detection, we recommended a spot type sensor. 1.what is a motion sensor? application of mp motion sensor on/off of smoke dispersal machine 1. what is a motion sensor? application of ma motion sensor other application examples recommended conditions of use 1. non-moving people (objects) and objects without a temperature difference are to be detected. 2. the detection distance and area must be limited (see note). note: with the aim of widening the detection range, the external trigger type, which prevents reciprocal interfer- ence, is recommended when using multiple sensors. examples of automatic advertising and automatic verbal guidance (ticket machines, vending machines, atms, illuminated photographs, etc.) 1. what is a motion sensor? application example select a sensor that suits the objective. detection is necessary over a wide area, therefore we recom- mended the passive infrared type mp motion sensor. the presence of a person in a very limited range must be detected, there- fore the detection area is small. we recommend the area reflective type ma motion sensor, which enables the detection range to be select. 2.when a person is close to the device: the device is turned on instructions for using the machine are heard 1.advertising when a person walks past the device. the current situation: techniques for reducing device power consumption will increase dramatically. to preserve the global environment at the kyoto conference for the prevention of global warming held in 1997, it was agreed that ?y 2008?012, japan will attempt to reduce the output of green- house gases by 6% with respect to 1990 levels. efforts in various fields to reduce greenhouse gases environmental action: the beginning of ?nergy-saving competition from the latter half of 1998 to the former half of 1999, the ministry of international trade and industry began enforcement of the energy saving act, which requires manufacturers to conserve energy. the focal point of this act is the ?op runner method? whereby ?xcellent products having the highest energy efficiency are selected. this energy efficiency becomes a standard that other products are required to meet within a certain period. manufacturers unable to meet this stan- dard are subject to punishment. a total of ten products are scheduled for implementation, including automobiles and electrical appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, televi- sions, vcrs, and personal computers. ?nergy saving is becoming an increasingly important factor in consumer selec- tion of products. manufacturers are therefore promoting their technical prowess and aggressive stance with respect 10 environmental problems. manufacturers government feature 02.2.12 1:56 pm page 13 1. what is a motion sensor? motion sensor application examples (1) the recommended sensor is indicated by either of the following marks behind each application. ; passive infrared type mp motion sensor ; area reflective type ma motion sensor a p intruder alarm glass breaking detector a a p automatic lighting p garage light (automatic lighting) p crime prevention sensor a p air conditioner control p automatic lighting p gate light (automatic lighting) p hallway light (automatic lighting) entry way light (automatic lighting) p a p automatic faucet a automatic ventilation fan p automatic ventilation fan p automatic faucet a tv (energy conservation when nobody is home) p use sensors in accordance with their applications. a a a a a a p a p p a p a a p a p a a p p p p a a a p a p a p a p a a automatic ventilation fan automatic toilet seat opening/closing customer detection for automated teller machine automatic lighting occupancy sensor automatic flushing security non-contact switch hand dryer automatic lighting in conference room customer detection for 3-minute photo machine automatic lighting for vending machine welcome! revolving door air bag permit dispenser for parking lot customer sensor for gasoline stations customer sensor automatic door running machine automatic lighting for karaoke room, display power player detection at pachinko machine, power for display of information terminal telephone booth lighting baggage detection in coin locker detection of passengers getting on/off automatic ticket gate medical bed safety (prevent people from being caught underneath an elevating bed) office building parking lot hospital athletic gym amusement area station 1. what is a motion sensor? motion sensor application examples (2) the recommended sensor is indicated by either of the following marks behind each application. ; passive infrared type mp motion sensor ; area reflective type ma motion sensor a p overall, from the standpoint of detection performance, noise resistance, causes of false detection and cost performance, the passive infrared type is the most practical means of detecting the human body without contact. all objects on the earth emit light in accor- dance with their temperature and surface characteristics. naturally, light (infrared radia- tion) is also emitted from our bodies. (this radi- ation is emitted from the body surface, and is centered around a wave-length of 10?.) when a person enters the detection area of the sensor, the amount of infrared radiation incident on the sensor varies by the amount corresponding to the difference in temperature between the body surface and background. operating principle of motion sensor 2 mp motion sensor these sensors detect the human body by detecting the change in incident infrared radiation. that is, the sensor is actuated by the differ- ence in temperature between human body (which is a heat source) and floor, walls and other objects forming the background. y x 334m 4m 2 2 3m 3m 2 2 1 1 1 1 (max. 7.42m) (max. 5.66m) x 5m 16.404ft 5m 16.404ft 2.5m 8.202ft 2.5m 8.202ft 50 50 0 top view y 5m 16.404ft 5m 16.404ft 2.5m 8.202ft 2.5m 8.202ft 41 41 0 side view detection area of standard type radiation from human body: 10? infrared radiation temperature difference movement infrared radiation detection area detection zone in the detection zone, above, the sen- sor turns on when a temperature change exceeds the regulated amount. feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 18 2. operating principle of motion sensor ma motion sensor these sensors detect the human body via the area reflection system. photo detector near far human body ? s l+ s l light-emitting element detection distance l receiver lens projector lens the sensor sends out a ray of light toward the human body, then uses the reflect- ed light to measure the distance and determine whether there is a person within a given distance of the sensor. if the sensor decides that there is a person within the given distance, it sets an output non-contact switch to on. the triple-angle distance measurement configuration makes it difficult to be affected by the color (reflection ratio) of the detection object. this is the high-precision distance measurement method used in the auto-focus systems in cameras. the system is configured so that the received light spot comes almost the center of the photo detectors when if a human body is located at the detection distance l. the system determines whether the body is farther (l+ s l) or closer (l s l) by the position of the received light spot. reflected beam light beam output non-contact switch feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 19 features 3 passive infrared type mp motion sensor motion detecting sensor area type mp motion sensor proprietary high-precision molding technology is used to integrate 16 short -focal-point lenses with five different optical axes in order to reduce size. highly sensitive quad element u- shaped slits are formed around the four light-receiving units to improve heat insulation, reduce element size and increase element sensitivity. miptec ( microscope integrated processing technology ) application device employing miptec which has our proprietary mid (molded interconnect device) technology, the element, ic and chip component is mounted in a mid at high density and contained in a to5 metal package (9.8 mm x 9 mm dia.). single-chip ic with built-in amplifier and comparator proprietary circuit technology which is different from ordinary fet technology is used to create a single-chip ic which contains both an amplifier circuit and a comparator circuit. small multi-lens structural diagram our motion sensor is based on know-how developed over many years, including our proprietary technolo- gy for lenses, detector elements, ics and mounting. feature 1 the world s smallest with a built-in amplifier easy to incorporate into small devices. all it takes is a bright idea to increase the range of application. here is the secret to the world s smallest sensor about 1/10 the vol- ume and 1/5 the lens surface area of conventional motion detecting sensors. 3. features of mp motion sensor on off feature 2 circuit design is easy because the amp and comparator are built in (except for analog output type). the digital output enables connec- tion directly to microcomputers. mp motion sensor block diagram vdd output single-chip ic to5 metal package (9.8mm 9mm .386inch .354inch dia.) gnd stabilized power supply amplifier circuit comparator output circuit quad type pir element multi lens optical filter infrared radiation key point to achieve the same scheme as the mp motion sensor, a sensor element, amplifier and comparator are required. the output from the sensor element is extremely weak in the passive infrared scheme, thus the signal must be amplified and converted to an on/off sig- nal with a comparator circuit before output. is not just a sensor element; it has a built in amp and comparator. be sure to carefully check the func- tions, etc., when comparing with other company's products. lens amplifier circuit comparator circuit sensor element signal output weak signal strong signal on off feature 3 noise withstanding capability shielding is increased because the amp circuit is built into the to5 metal package. comparison table of noise with- standing capability key point to achieve the same scheme as the napion mp motion sensor, a countermeasure for radiant noise in general is necessary. if noise enters the circuit between the sensor element and the amplifier, the noise will be amplified along with the weak signal, resulting in detection errors. for this reason, shielding is necessary between the sensor element and the amplifier. shielding is taken care of in the (to5 metal package includes shielding) regular same-system sensors require separate noise countermeasures to be taken. lens amplifier circuit comparator circuit sensor element lens amplifier circuit comparator circuit sensor element shield signal signal output output weak signal strong signal noise detection error to5 metal package distance at which motion sensor is not affected by cellular phone noise min. 1 to 2cm .394 to .787 inch mp motion sensor min. 1 to 2m 3.281 to 6.562ft conventional type (block diagram for a typical passive infrared sensor) feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 21 feature 4 dual lens colors (white and black) are provided y detection zone x ?.5 ?.640 ?.5 ?.640 ? ?.281 ?.5 ?.921 ? ?.562 0.5 1.640 0.5 1.640 1 3.281 1.5 4.921 2 6.562 ? ?.281 1 3.281 ?.5 ?.921 1.5 4.921 ? ?.562 2 6.562 ?.5m ?.202ft 2.5m 8.202ft ?.5m ?.202ft 2.5m 8.202ft (max. 5m dia.) (max. 16.404ft dia.) 1m 3.281ft 1.5 4.921 2 6.562 2.5m 8.202ft ?.5 ?.921 ? ?.562 ?.5m ?.202ft 1 3.281 0.5 1.640 0 ?.5 ?.640 ? ?.281 2m 6.562ft y 46 46 0 1m 2m 3.281ft 6.562ft 2. slight motion detection type x-y cross section detection zone detection area 3. features of mp motion sensor for ceiling attachment, this sen- sor is designed to detect slight movements in conference rooms and other rooms where people gather. detection is also possi- ble attached to a wall. 4 13.123 6 19.685 4 13.123 y x 6m 19.685ft 6m 19.685ft (max.15.9m 52.165ft ) 4 13.123 4 13.123 2 6.562 2 6.562 8 26.247 10 m 32.808ft 6 19.685 8 26.247 10 m 32.808ft 2 6.562 2 6.562 (max.12.3m 40.354ft ) top view 55 5m 16.404ft 10m 32.808ft 5m 16.404ft 10m 32.808ft x side view 46.5 y 5m 16.404ft 10m 32.808ft 5m 16.404ft 10m 32.808ft 4. 10m detection type x-y cross section detection zone y x 1m 3.281ft 1m 3.281ft (max. 2m) (max. 6.562ft) (max. 1.4m) (max. 4.593ft) 0.5 1.640 0.5 1.640 0.5 1.640 0.5 1.640 1m 3.281ft 1m 3.281ft top view 2m 5.562ft 0 1.25 4.101 2.5m 8.202ft 2.5 8.202 1.25 4.101 5m 16.404ft x 19 19 0 2.5 8.202 5m 16.404ft side view y 11 11 0 2m 5.562ft 0 1.25 4.101 2.5m 8.202ft 2.5 8.202 1.25 4.101 5m 16.404ft 2.5 8.202 5m 16.404ft 3. spot type x-y cross section ideal for detecting people in small areas, such as for voice guidance or entry light control. note: recommended when you want to further restrict the detection range. ideal for detecting people over larger areas than the standard type. feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 23 note on the detection zone: as indicated at right, the detection zone has polarity. if two objects enter the zone in the + and ?directions at the same time, the signals from each may cancel each other and make detection impossible in the vicinity of the maximum detection distance. object detection zone 1. setting the sensor so it will not detect people who are far away application methods sensor detection area sensor detection area 2. for detection in only a limited area use slit use tube feature 6 analog output type also available that allows sensitivity adjustment designed for situations in which the surrounding environment has an adverse effect on performance (when you want to reduce the difference between the background temperature of summer and winter, or eliminate the effect of varying air conditioner output). being able to check the degree of influence using an analog value, the user can set the threshold whereby such influence can be ignored. feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 24 feature 1 because of the distance-measured type, accurate sensing is possible with little influence caused by reflection ratio of the detection object. with commonly used light intensity type sensors (which detect objects by the amount of reflected light), performance is greatly affected by the reflectivity of the detected object. however, since the ma motion sensor does not detect based on the amount of reflect- ed rays, it features the ability not to be easily influenced by the reflection ratio because detection is based on the position of the receiving spot in the receive element. area reflective type ma motion sensor 3. features of ma motion sensor light volume detecting type since detection is determined by inten- sity, the influence of reflection ration is likely. reflected beam (reflectivity: approx. 90%) stable detection ex.) white paper reflected beam (reflectivity: approx. 3% to 40%, average 5%) unstable detection ex.) hair ma motion sensor the system detects whether an object is present by the position of the received light spot on a photo detector, so it is not greatly affected by reflectivity. reflected beam (reflectivity: approx. 90%) stable detection ex.) white paper reflected beam (reflectivity: approx. 3% to 40%, average 5%) received light spot received light spot stable detection ex.) hair a non-spherical lens is used both for projector and receiver. using a non-spherical lens in this sensor, the projector lens can produce the incident light efficiently from the light-emitting element. in addition, the receiver lens can effi- ciently gather the entering light into the photo detector. as a result, an accurate dis- tance measurement can be made even if the detected object has low reflectivity. diagram of the receiving light path of a spherical lens diagram of the receiving light path of an a non-spherical lens the sensor operates with high precision, even if the reflectivity of the detected object is low. non-spherical lens! efficient projection and condensation is possible. feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 25 feature 2 a built-in oscillation circuit type (internal trigger) and an external triggering type are available. built-in oscillation circuit type simply connect a dc power source and the sensor is ready for use. external triggering type sensors can be connected sequentially. input each external trigger signal in sequence to prevent reciprocal interference. motion sensor output on off relay, etc. oscillation circuit power circuit latch circuit just connect a dc power source and you re ready to go! average current consumption built-in oscillation circuit type 5480? external trigger 160.5? battery life (4 alkaline batteries) approx. 30 days approx. 1000 days (2.8 years) can be driven by a battery establishing an interval between external trigger signals reduces current con- sumption in the sensor. example of usage automatic flushing of men s urinal rate of use of urinal: 30 minutes per day trigger period: 2 seconds per trigger sequential connection is ok! feature 3 can be used with a number of different power supply voltages 1) the 5 v dc type (4.5 to 6.5 v dc) 2) the free-ranging power type (6.5 to 27 v dc) they support the dc power supplies of electronic products and equipment in general. 4.5 v dc to 27 v dc feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 26 3. features of ma motion sensor feature 4 ultra-compact size, suitable for built-in applications motion sensors are designed to be built into equipment. we have achieved an ultra-compact size, so these sensors will not affect equip- ment size or interfere with design. a series of three types to suit the detected object three types ?hort type? ?iddle type and ?ong type are available. naturally, the shorter the distance, the more compact the type. also, the rated detection distance can be changed at the factory to meet spe- cific customer needs. type short type middle type long type rated detection distance (range of variation) change possible in 1 cm increments between a 5 cm and 10 cm range. change possible in 10 cm increments between a 20 cm and 80 cm range. change possible in 10 cm increments between a 30 cm and 200 cm range. short type detects hands intentionally uses a hand-based non-contact switch 19.5 11 20 middle type 23.1 14 32 long type 29.7 20 46 10 cm ( 3.937 inch) used as an on/off switch for when a person stands in front of equipment. 80 cm ( 31.496 inch) set-up on the ceiling of a room, and used to detect whether a person is in the room or seated. 200 cm ( 78.74 inch) as shown below, the detection area of this sensor is the area up to the rated detection distance excluding the non-sensitive zone. active zone (detection zone) infrared radiation does not return to receiver lens reflected light (returns to receiver lens) non-sensitive zone several millimeters to several centimeters projector lens receiver lens rated detection distance feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 27 factory automation sensors are used under conditions which are closely con- trolled to suit the application. ma motion sensors, however, are built into equip- ment, so they may sometimes be used at locations which are exposed to sunlight (however, the direct sunlight to sensor is impossible). sensor for fa application feature 5 these sensors are highly resistant to disturbing ambient light, and can be used worry-free in bright spaces closely controlled environment ma motion sensor sensor may be used at a bright location which are exposed to sunlight usable ambient brightness (ambient light immunity) is one of the impor- tant points to be checked when using sensors in bright locations. normally, for factory automation applications the usable ambient brightness is 3,000 to 10,000 lx. ma motion sensors can operate at 30,000 lx, i.e, the brightness near a window on a summer day. the detection result takes the form of on/off output (open collector transistor out- put), thus a reference circuit is not necessary and circuit design is easy. feature 6 circuit design is easy conforms with emc directive for ce certification vital for use in europe. feature 7 all models with built-in oscillation circuit type meet ce mark standards ?built-in oscillation circuit type: measuring period 8 ms/time (typical) ?external triggering type: measuring period 5 ms/time (typical) feature 8 high speed detection is possible feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 28 1. how to use the mp motion sensor has three pins. connections are as follows: (digital output type) how to use and cautions for use 4 mp motion sensor vdd gnd out + - + load sensor vdd: input power source (dc) gnd: gnd out: output (comparator) on off on off note: circuit stability time: max. 30 sec. while the circuitry is stabilizing after the power is turned on, the sensor output is not fixed in the ?n state or ?ff state. this is true regardless of whether or not the sensor has detected anything. for this reason, please combine with a device that contains a function for preventing output during this time. note: the spot and 10m detection types are subject to change without notice due to improvements in product performance, characteristics and dimensions. please contact us with any inquiries you may have. power supply detection state sensor output on off detect not detect on off circuit stability time 1. wiring diagram 2. timing chart feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 29 (analog output type) microcomputer and a/d converter, etc. sensor vdd gnd out + rl iout : max. 50 a note: circuit stability time: max. 45 sec. while the circuitry is stabilizing after the power is turned on, the sensor output is not fixed in the ?n state or ?ff state. this is true regardless of whether or not the sensor has detected anything. for this reason, please combine with a device that contains a function for preventing output during this time. 1. wiring diagram 2. timing chart (analog output type) detect not detect vdd gnd vdd gnd voff v h v n v l power supply detection state output waveform v out (comparator decision output) circuit stability time human body movement threshould voltage 1 (comparator) threshould voltage 2 (comparator) feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 30 the ma motion sensor has four pins. standard connections are as follows: (built-in oscillation circuit type) 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. + 4. how to use and cautions for use ma motion sensor load 1. output 2. gnd 3. power source 4. not used the output is open collector transistor output. output voltage (load voltage): 30 v output flow current (max. output current): 100 ma sensor output tr circuit for a common source voltage for the sensor and the load 1 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. + + load 1. output 2. gnd 3. power source 4. not used sensor output tr circuit for separating the sensor source voltage and the load source voltage on power supply output transistor (open collector) notes: 1. circuit stability time : max. 12 ms. 2. during the time taken for the circuit to stabilize after the power is turned on, notes: 2. the on/off status of the output transistor is not determined by whether the sensor is notes: 2. in the detection status or non-detection status. off off non detection status detection status non detection status circuit stability time on 1. wiring diagram 2. timing chart feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 31 (external trigger type) external trigger input 4 (note 2) (note 1) (note 3) 2 gnd 1 power source 3 output 33 f or more 1. wiring diagram 2. timing chart notes: 1. output transistor is an open collector. detection status: output transistor on (connected to gnd) detection status: output transistor off (open status) 2. external trigger input is as follows: high level: open low level: gnd (max. 0.8 v) be absolutely sure not to apply high level voltage. 3. for the trigger type, in order to maintain a heavy power noise function, be sure to provide a capacitor (at least 33 ?) at the sensor power input terminal. this will stabilize the power sup- ply voltage. notes: 1. circuit stability time : max. 12 ms. 2. during the time taken for the circuit to stabilize after the power is turned on, the on/off status of the output tran- sistor is not determined by whether the sensor is in the detection status or non-detection status. note: 1. the sensor recognizes that an exter- nal trigger has been input at the vth ? vtl edge of the external trigger. off off v th v tl v th v tl tw tr : max. 5ms tt : min. 5ms on on power supply external trigger output transistor (open collector) external trigger output non detection status non detection status detection status change (on ? off or off ? on) circuit stability time feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 32 1. what is a motion sensor? 2. cautions for use 1. checkpoints relating to principle of operation mp motion sensors are passive infrared sensors which detect changes in the infrared rays. they may fail to detect successfully if a heat source other than a human being is detected or if there are no temperature changes in or movement of a heat source. care must generally be taken in the following cases. the performance and relia- bility of the sensors must be checked out under condi- tions of actual use. <1> cases where a heat source other than a human being is detected. 1) when a small animal enters the detection range. 2) when the sensor is directly exposed to sunlight, a vehicle s headlights, an incandescent light or some other source of far infrared rays. 3) when the temperature inside the detection range has changed suddenly due to the entry of cold or warm air from an air-conditioning or heating unit, water vapor from a humidifier, etc. <2> cases where it is difficult to detect the heat source 1) when an object made of glass, acrylic or other sub- ject which far infrared rays have difficult passing through is located between the sensor and what is to be detected. 2) when the heat source inside the detection range hardly moves or when it moves at high speed; for details on the movement speed, refer to the section on the performance ratings. 2. other handling cautions 1) be careful not to allow dust or dirt to accumulate on the lens as this will adversely affect the detection sen- sitivity. 2) the lens is made of a soft material (polyethylene). avoid applying a load or impact since this will deform or scratch the lens, making proper operation impossi- ble and causing a deterioration in its performance. 3) the sensor may be damaged if it is exposed to static with a voltage exceeding ?00v. therefore, do not touch its terminals directly, and exercise adequate care in the handling of the sensor. 4) when the leads are to be soldered, solder them by hand for less than 3 seconds at a temperature of less than 350? 662? at the tip of the soldering iron. avoid using a solder bath since this will causing a deteriora- tion in the sensor s performance. 5) do not attempt to clean the sensor. cleaning fluid may enter inside the lens area causing a deterioration in performance. 6) when using the sensors with cables, it is recommend- ed that cables which are shielded and as short as pos- sible be used in order to safeguard against the effects of noise. cautions for mp motion sensor 1. ambient operating conditions 1) avoid using the sensor in environments containing excessive amounts of steam, dust, corrosive gas, or where organic solvents are present. 2) when the sensor is used in noisy environments, con- nect a capacitor (minimum 33 ?) across its power input terminals. 2. wiring 1) check all wiring before applying power. incorrect wiring may damage the internal circuit (in particular, check that the connection to the power supply is not reversed.) 2) avoid excessive removing and replacing of the connec- tor. 3. detector surface (optical surface) 1) keep the detector surface clean. excessive dust or dirt on the detector surface will deteriorate the sensing performance. 2) do not allow condensation or freezing to occur on the surface of the sensor. if condensation or freezing does occur at low temperatures, the sensor may not detect objects correctly. 3) this product is designed to detect the existence of human body. the sensor will not detect objects consist- ing of a low reflective material (e.g., an object coated with black rubber, etc.) or of a highly reflective material (e.g., mirror, glass, coated paper, etc.) 4) the front surface of the lens and case are made of polycarbonate resin and can withstand water, alcohol, oils, salts and weak acids. other fluids such as alka- lines, aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydro- carbons may melt or swell the lens and case, please do not have such fluids touch the lens and case. 5) to protect the inner circuit, wiring should be max. 3 m 9.843 ft.. 4. recommended installation procedure install the ma motion sensor so that it is orientated cor- rectly in relation to the pass directions of the target objects as shown in the figure below. cautions for ma motion sensor pass directions object object object h ? stands for pass direction of the target object. feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 33 safety precautions head the following precautions to prevent injury or accidents. ?do not use these sensors under any circumstances in which the range of their ratings, environment conditions or other specifications are exceeded. using the sen- sors in any way which causes their specifications to be exceeded may generate abnormally high levels of heat, emit smoke, etc., resulting in damage to the circuitry and possibly causing an accident. ?before connecting a connector, check the pin layout by referring to the connector wiring diagram, specifications diagram, etc., and make sure that the connector is con- nected properly. take note that mistakes made in con- nection may cause unforeseen problems in operation, generate abnormally high levels of heat, emit smoke, etc., resulting in damage to the circuitry. ?do not use any motion sensor which has been disas- sembled or remodeled. ?the sensor has two malfunction modes: short circuit and open. the short circuit mode may be triggered by an increase in temperature. in order to ensure safety, especially in important applications, please consider suitable safety measures such as a protective circuit or protection device. ?various safety machines and devices ?traffic signal lights ?crime and disaster prevention devices ?control devices and other devices that concern the safety of trains and vehicles. ?other important devices 1. ambient operating conditions 1) temperature: refer to the absolute maximum ratings for the temperature of each individual sensor. 2) humidity: 15% to 85% rh (no freezing nor condensa- tion at low temperature) 3) atmospheric pressure: 86 to 106 kpa 4) the sensors do not have a water-proof or dust-proof construction. depending on the ambient operating con- ditions, some means of providing protection from water and dust and preventing the formation of ice and con- densation must be provided prior to using the sensors. 5) take care to avoid exposing the sensors to heat, vibra- tion or impact since malfunctioning may result. 2. concerning external surge voltages since the internal circuitry may be destroyed if an exter- nal surge voltages is supplied, provide an element which will absorb the surges. the levels of the voltage surges which the sensor can withstand is given below. ma motion sensors: 500 v (?.2 x 50? unipolar full- wave voltage) mp motion sensors: within the supply voltage given in the absolute maximum ratings. 3. concerning power supply-superimposed noise use a regulated power supply as the power supply. otherwise, power supply-superimposed noise may cause the sensors to malfunction. the levels of noise which the sensor can withstand is given below. ma motion sensors: ?00 v (50ms, 1? wide square waves) mp motion sensors: ?0 v (50ms, 1? wide square waves) 4. drop damage if the sensor is dropped, damage can occur resulting in incorrect operation. if dropped, be sure to do a visual check of the exterior for noticeable damage and check the operation characteristics for faulty operation. 5. concerning the circuit sides since the circuit sides given in this catalog are not pro- tected in terms of circuit design, check out the perfor- mance and reliability of the circuits prior to using the sen- sors. 6. the technical information contained in this catalog is used to explain general operation and use of the products. by this usage, neither our company nor any third party grants the right to use intellectual property copyrights or any other copyrights. notes for motion sensor feature 02.2.12 1:58 pm page 34 sensor 1) digital output type 2) analog output type vdd lout : max. 100 a gnd out load vdd gnd out rl i out : max. 50 a sensor microcomputer and a/d converter, etc. how should the sensor be wired? q3 q7 q5 q6 see here as well! q 1 a 1. pin functions are as follows: vdd power source (+) gnd power source (-) out output terminal 2. connect the pins as follows: connect the (+) terminal of the power source to vdd. connect the (-) terminal of the power source to gnd. passive infrared type mp motion sensor circuitry can the circuit stabilization time (wait time) be shortened? see here as well! q 2 a no. the circuit stabilization time is the time required for the internal circuit to stabilize after the power is turned on. during this time correct detection can- not take place and the output is unstable. on off on off power supply detection state sensor output circuit stability time max. 30 sec. right here! please wait! q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 36 can the ac load be turned on and off directly? see here as well! q 3 a this is not possible with our standard product. use a relay or ssr at the output of the ma motion sensor to turn the ac load on or off. please refer to the following circuits when a timer is required in your design. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers circuitry circuit example refer to the following circuits. vdd gnd out + - lout : max. 100 a + - 1. for mechanical relay drive vdd gnd out lout : max. 100 a 2. for ssr drive sensor load sensor load mechanical relay q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 37 vdd 100k 100k 100k out gnd vdd out gnd vdd out gnd i would like to use multiple sensors. is it possible to design a common circuit for the sensors? q1 see here as well! q 6 a yes. be sure to connect the sensors in parallel. refer to the circuit at right. mp motion sensor mp motion sensor mp motion sensor signal processing circuit (microprocessor, etc.) connect us in parallel! i would like to use an ac power source for the input power supply. see here as well! q 4 a this is not possible with our standard product. if an ac power source is necessary, please consult us. please consult us! are there any products with an operating voltage of 24 v dc or 12 v dc? q1 see here as well! q 5 a we do not have any standard products with these operating voltages. use a regulator or other circuit to transform the voltage to 5 v dc. 5v dc regulator 5v dc gnd 6 to 24 v dc gnd circuit example q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 38 how do i set the output time (timer)? see here as well! q 7 a recent devices come with built-in microprocessors. use the microprocessor's timer function to set the output time. if the device doesn't have a built-in microprocessor, refer to the following timer circuit. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers circuitry note 1) each timer ic manufacturer requires different values for the resistance (r) and capacitance (c) used for the time setting. check with the manufacturer for these values before designing the circuit. note 2) this is the reference circuit which drives the mp motion sensor. please note that we bear no responsibility for any damages or loss arising from the use of this circuit. install a noise filter for applications requiring enhanced detection reliability and noise withstanding capability. differences in the specifications of electronic components to which the units are connected sometimes affect their correct operation; please check the units performance and reliability for each application. input voltage timer ic timer time = r c the transistor turns on when the sensor detects some- thing connection to motion sensor select a transis- tor to match the relay vdd gnd out (5vdc) 0.1 m 47 m 0.1 m 10 m 10 m 10k gnd relay 47k 0.1 m 0.1 m 0.1 m 14 8 13 c r 74hc 123etc. 15 9 10 11 1 3 2 16 5v reg + + + q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 39 is light for motion detection constantly emitted from the lens? see here as well! q 8 a no. the mp motion sensor is a passive infrared sensor, which means that it does not emit infrared radiation to detect motion. instead, the sensor operates by receiving infrared radiation emitted from the moving body. this is why it is called a "passive type" sensor. performance detection! 10 ? infrared radiation the detection distance in the catalogue is given as a "maximum". will the sensor detect anything beyond this distance? q10 q36 q11 q42 see here as well! q 9 a it may. the sensor is rated for "detection or no detection" based on specific input conditions. the meaning of "standard type, maximum 5 m" and "slight motion type, maximum 2 m" in the catalogue is "the maximum distance at which detection is guaranteed". the sensor detects motion based on the difference between the ambient temperature and the surface temperature of the person that entered the detection area, and the conditions of each will give rise to small variations in detection performance. infrared radiation temperature difference movement infrared radiation q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 40 the detection of the standard type is 5 m. can the detection distance be short- ened? q9 q39 q11 q42 q36 see here as well! q 10 a no. the best way to limit the detection distance is to change the angle of attachment of the sensor so that it points toward an obstacle such as the ground, a wall, or the ceiling. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers performance setting the sensor so it will not detect people who are far away sensor detection area sensor detection area for detection in only a limited area use slit use tube can the sensitivity be adjusted? q9 q36 q10 q42 see here as well! q 11 a the sensor does not include a sensitivity adjustment func- tion. what is the detection area? are there ambient temperature changes? q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 41 is performance affected by differences in operating voltage? see here as well! q 12 a detection performance is not affected, but the output volt- age will change. how long is the interval (response time) between a person moving and detection of the movement? see here as well! q 13 a approximately 0.5 seconds. what is the difference between the detec- tion area and the detection zone? see here as well! q 14 a detection zone the zone that people are detected in. in the sensor area there are four infrared elements. a lens of one of these elements projects and this creates four detection zones. detection area the detection area treats the four detection zones as a group and is the number of lenses of the projected detection zones collection. for standard type sensor detection area diagram for standard-type sensor the number of pattern types ( ) of detection zones is also the number of lens shape types. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers performance four passive infrared elements one optical axis four detection zone 4 5 number of lenses y number of detection zones x-y cross-section of standard type the detection area projected onto a flat surface 2.5 m from the sensor. the standard type has a detec- tion area consisting of 4 detec- tion zones 5 16 single focusing lenses = 64 detection zones, with five types of detection zone patterns. q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 43 for digital output type, if a person keeps mov- ing in the detection area and the detection state persists, what kind of output appears? q16 see here as well! q 15 a on/off is repeatedly output. when the detection state persists, the characteristics of the passive infrared element cause it to repeatedly output an analog waveform as shown in the time chart below. the output is amplified by the amplifier circuit, and when it exceeds a certain reference level (reference voltage), detection results and on is output. when the reference level is not exceeded, off is output. timing chart what is the duration of output from the sensor after one detection? q15 see here as well! q 16 a at least 10 ms. the output from the passive infrared element will vary depending on the speed of the detected object and the difference between the temperature of the object and the ambient temperature. the output from the passive infrared element is amplified by the amplifier. if the amplified output exceeds the reference voltage, a person is regarded as being detected and on is output. for this reason the duration of one output is not fixed; however, it lasts at least 10 ms due to circuit characteristics. human body reference voltage reference voltage amplifier output sensor output (comparator output) element output (open collector) timing chart human body reference voltage reference voltage amplifier output sensor output (comparator output) element output (open collector) q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 44 how much time elapses before off is output when the person stops moving or leaves the detection area? q15 q16 see here as well! q 17 a from 10 ms to several seconds. why doesn't the sensor have a timer circuit for setting the output time (timer time)? q7 see here as well! q 18 a recently almost all devices have a built-in microprocessor, and we decided that the timer circuit included in previous sensors (area type furumai sen- sor) is not necessary because the microprocessor's timer function can be used. if you need a timer circuit, refer to q7. (mm) 6000 k 3000 k 300 k (w/cm) 2 10 4 10 2 1 10 -2 10 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 -4 what infrared wavelengths can be detect- ed? see here as well! q 19 a as indicated below, the sensor uses a filter that transmits 5? or longer wavelengths. therefore, long wavelengths equal to or greater than 5? can be detected. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers performance wavelength characteristics visible light radiant exitance near infrared light intermediate infrared light far infrared light (direct sunlight) wavelength (?) the human body emits 10?! (incandescent lamp) filter characteristics (human body) the human body emits 10 ? wave- lengths! q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 45 when you say "a temperature difference between the object and the background of 4? or higher", what does "background" mean? q21 q44 q37 q45 q43 see here as well! q 20 a the background is the temperature of the environment surrounding (but not including) the object to be detected, such as the ground, walls, and ceiling. when a person enters the sensor's detection area, the quantity of infrared radiation incident on the sensor changes by an amount equivalent to the temperature difference between the person and the background. the mp motion sensor ?apion detects a person by detecting this change in inci- dent infrared radiation. in other words, the sensor operates in response to the difference in temperature between the human body, a source of heat, and the background such as the floor and walls. detection background 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 thigh chest hair face background reference date wearing long-sleeve work clothes ambient temperature (?) body temperature (?) note: temperature difference with respect to background q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 46 does the sensor respond only to people? q20 q44 q24 q45 q43 q46 see here as well! q 21 a no. the sensor may also react to changes in air current caused by animals, sudden temperature changes, heaters, and air conditioners, etc. for more details, refer to the cautions in the catalogue. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers performance q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 47 should i assume that detection is not pos- sible in direct light? q20 see here as well! q 30 a the maximum ambient operating illumination of the sensor is 30,000 lx. even in bright sunlight, and even if light shines directly on the sensor or on the object of detection, the sensor will operate correctly as long as the illu- mination does not exceed 30,000 lx. however, if an inverter light is directly within the detection area of the sen- sor (plus or minus several degrees), the sensor will not operate correctly. this is because the sensor cannot distinguish between light emitted from the sensor and light from the inverter light. the sensor will operate correctly in the direction of the sun as long as its optical axis does not point directly toward the sun. the field of detection of the sensor is plus or minus several degrees, so there will be no problem if the sensor s optical axis is shifted 15 away from the sun. gnd led + + + + led 6 v dc + * r gnd is there an easy way to verify sensor operation? q21 see here as well! q 31 a connect the sensor as shown at right to have an led illumi- nate when the sen- sor detects a person or object. * use a resistor value appropriate for the current that is to flow through the led. please shift the optical axis! resistor ma motion sensor output power source ma motion sensor output power source ma motion sensor questions and answers using sensors q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 77 can the sensor be used if the front is half covered? q9 q27 see here as well! q 28 a the area reflective type ma motion sensor is a distance measurement type sensor and thus it tends not to be affected by the intensity of light reflected from the detected object. for this rea- son, the sensor can detect if its front face is half covered; however, perfor- mance is noticeable impaired. before using the sensor, verify detection performance using the object you with to detect. is it okay to wipe the sensor with ethanol? see here as well! q 29 a yes. the front face of the lenses and the case are made of polycarbonite. in general, this material is resistant to water, alcohol, oil, salt, and weak acids. alcohol: methanol, ethanol, etc. oils and fats: turbine oil, grease, etc. do not use the following chemicals: gasoline, thinner, ammonia, caustic soda, toluene q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 76 max. 20mm what points are important when installing a cover (filter) on the front of the sensor? q9 q23 q28 see here as well! q 27 a required cover (front filter) specifications use a cover that transmits infrared light (wavelength: 900 nm). material: acrylic, glass, or similar material surface condition: to prevent light dispersion, the surface roughness should be 1? r-max (ground glass is not acceptable) color: as long as the material optically transmits infrared light (wavelength: 900 nm), any visible color is acceptable. (you must be able to see through the plate.) thickness: use a plate with a maximum thickness of 2 mm. (if the cover is too thick, dirt on the cover may accidentally trigger detection.) how to install the cover install the cover so that it is parallel to the front face of the sensor. covers of non-uniform thickness as shown below, the detection distance can be lengthened by placing a cover or filter of non-uniform thickness in front of the sensor to produce a prism effect. light projector and receptor what points are important when installing the motion sensor? q5 q8 see here as well! q 26 a the ma motion sensor is designed primarily for indoor use. the number of detection times and the presence of an object noise from external sources and other factors can cause the unex- pected output of a detection signal. for applications requiring greater detection reliability, we recommend that you design the circuit so that the device activates only after several detection signals are output, not just one. how to install the sensor is outdoor use possible? q9 q25 q27 see here as well! q 24 a basically, you should not. this sensor is designed for indoor use (for common indoor electronic devices). if you need to use a sensor outdoors, take measures to water- proof the sensor and protect it from dust, condensation, and freezing. there are many causes of temperature changes out- doors, and detection errors may result. using sensors please protect me dust protection waterproofing condensation/ freezing what should be done about waterproof- ing? q24 q27 see here as well! q 25 a the sensor itself is not waterproof. when incorporating the sensor into the device, design the structure to be waterproof. however, please use a material in front of the sensor such as glass or acrylic that allows the transmission of infrared rays. i? not waterproof! ma motion sensor questions and answers using sensors q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 73 what is the non-sensitivity zone? q14 q15 q27 see here as well! q 23 a this is the area extending from several millimetres in front of the sensor to several tens of millimetres where the sen- sor does not operate. the sensor detects the presence of an object based on the position of entry in the receiver element of the light reflected off the object. if the object is in immediate proximity to the sensor, the light emitted from the sensor does not return to the receiver element and the object is not detected. as the sensor will be incorporated into a device, it is frequently used with a front cover, and the non-sensitivity zone keeps the cover from being detected and helps the sensor operate normally. this is the non-sensitivity zone! q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 72 what is open collector output? see here as well! q 22 a a transistor is used in the output. when the sensor detects a person or object, the transistor turns on and current flows from the collector to the emitter, outputting a signal. when open collector output is used, the current flow and voltage applied to the load connected to the output can be set as desired. this enables wide range of use in sequencers and other devices. terminology non-detection state (transistor is off) gnd schematic of output circuit sensor base collector emitter output i b ] 0 gnd sensor output detection state (transistor is on) gnd ( ) sensor current flows i b : base current i c : collector current output i b i c gnd sensor output ma motion sensor questions and answers terminology image of output circuit turns on by the detection signal. q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 71 what is your policy with respect to aging deterioration? q18 see here as well! q 19 a we estimate the life of the sensor based on testing in the operating environ- ment of the components having the greatest effect on operation. in the case of the ma motion sensor, the light emitting diode has the most effect on operation. we estimate the life of the diode based on accelerated reliability tests (thb tests, etc.). the tests indicate that the sensor should operate without problem for 10 years or more, a result that past products have held up. how bright is 30,000 lx? q30 see here as well! q 20 a the brightness inside a window on a clear summer day. assuming battery power will be used, what is the life of the batteries? see here as well! q 21 a conditions typical current consumption over one month of use. 3240 ma h/month typ. (built-in oscillation circuit type) 106 ma h/month typ. (external triggering type on 1 sec/time of trigger period) on off on off how long does it take (response time) for the detection signal to be output after a person or object enters the detection area? see here as well! q 16 a a maximum of 9 ms. the built-in oscillation circuit type is set to measure at a maximum period of 9 ms, and thus the response time is a maximum of 9 ms. however, the average is about 8 ms. object (person) output trigger (transistor output) 9ms, maximum on off on off if the detection state persists, what hap- pens to the output? see here as well! q 17 a the output remains in the on state. object (person) does the sensor have good weather resistance? q19 q24 see here as well! q 18 a the front window of the ma motion sensor is made with polycarbonite. this plastic has particularly superb weather resistance even compared to other plastics. output trigger (transistor output) 8ms, average ma motion sensor questions and answers performance q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 69 what are the characteristics of the detec- tion area? q13 q14 q23 see here as well! q 15 a the characteristics are shown in the following diagrams. 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 y 10 0 10 20 x reading the graph detection width w (mm) detection area within dotted lines when an object covers the entire detection area, detection occurs. detection area within solid lines when object enters part of detection area, detec- tion occurs. object detection area within dotted lines detection area within solid lines note: if only enters part of detection area, detec- tion does not occur. detection area of nomi- nal detection distance of 8 cm detection distance l (mm) example of the detection area of the 10 cm type with a nominal detection dis- tance of 8 cm (model #amb140*08) object 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 y 10 0 10 20 x y x y 10 cm 9 cm 8 cm 200 200mm ( 90%) 7 cm 6 cm 5 cm short type (amb14*****) detection width w (mm) reflective plate 200 x 200 mm (reflectance: 90%) nominal detection area 10 cm detection area detection distance l (mm) reflective plate 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 y x 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 y x 200 cm 150 cm 100 cm 50 cm 500 500mm ( 90%) long type (amb34*****) detection width w (mm) reflective plate 500 x 500 mm (reflectance: 90%) nominal detection area 200 cm detection area detection distance l (mm) reflective plate 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 y x x y 80 cm 70 cm 60 cm 50 cm 40 cm 30 cm 20 cm 200 200mm ( 90%) middle type (amb24*****) detection width w (mm) reflective plate 200 x 200 mm (reflectance: 90%) nominal detection area 80 cm detection area detection distance l (mm) reflective plate q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 68 can detection take place when the object is closer than the rated detection dis- tance? q13 q15 q23 see here as well! q 14 a yes. the sensor emits an infrared beam, measures the distance to the person (object) by means of the light reflected back, and determines whether or not the object is within the detection distance. however, with the exception of the non-sensitive zone in the immediate proximity of the sensor where light reflected off the object cannot return to the receiver lens, the sensor detects objects anywhere within the rated detection distance. active zone (detection zone) infrared radiation does not return to receiver lens reflected light (returns to receiver lens) non-sensitive zone several millimeters to several centimeters projector lens receiver lens rated detection distance ma motion sensor questions and answers performance q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 67 does temperature affect the detection dis- tance? q13 see here as well! q 12 a yes. the area reflective type ma motion sensor detects an object based on the position of the infrared beam that reflects off of the object and returns to the sensor. when the temperature changes, differences in the coefficients of lin- ear expansion of the sensor components can cause the distance between the lenses, and the distance between the projector and receiver elements, to expand or contract. this changes the position of the returning infrared beam and thus the detection distance. the amount of the change is several percent over the operating tempera- ture range of the sensor (?5? to 75?). is it possible to select a new setting for the detection distance after receiving the sensor? q12 q14 q15 see here as well! q 13 a no, you cannot set the detection distance once the sensor has been shipped from the factory. the rated detection distance is determined by the lens position adjustment. since this procedure is done at the factory before shipping you cannot set this afterwards once the sensor has been shipped. please select a sensor according to your application with the appropriate detection distance from the products provided below. amb * * * * rated detection distance note: not kept in stock. please consult us. 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 (no display on middle type) 09 10 (no display on short type) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 (no display on long type) area reflective type ma motion sensor long type - 30 cm 40 cm 50 cm 60 cm 70 cm 80 cm 90 cm 100 cm 110 cm 120 cm 130 cm 140 cm 150 cm 160 cm 170 cm 180 cm 190 cm 200 cm middle type 20 cm 30 cm 40 cm 50 cm 60 cm 70 cm 80 cm - - - - - - - - - - - - short type - - - 5 cm 6 cm 7 cm 8 cm 9 cm 10 cm * 11 cm (note) 12 cm (note) 13 cm (note) 14 cm (note) 15 cm (note) - - - - type model number q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 66 does dirt on the front cover (filter) affect performance? q24 q27 q28 see here as well! q 9 a dirt has almost no effect. the ma motion sensor takes the detected differ- ence in distance between an object with 90% reflectance and an object with 18% reflectance as ?istance measurement error? even if the reflected light intensity decreases to 1/5 its original value due to dirt, the distance measurement error will still be under this value. no problem! what is the output wavelength of the sen- sor s infrared led? q11 see here as well! q 10 a the output reaches a momentary (max. 10 ?) power of 180 mw, and the wavelength is approximately 900 nm. this is about the same as a typical remote control. does a remote control ever cause detec- tion errors? see here as well! q 11 a the sensor uses the same type of light emitting element as a remote con- trol, and as such detection errors are possible. however, to produce a detection error the following conditions must be met: * the remote control must be within the field of detection of the sensor. * the timing of remote control operation must coin- cide with the interval of several tens of microsec- onds that the ma motion sensor accepts light. * sufficient power is required. due to these conditions, random operation of a remote control pointed toward the ma motion sensor will result in erroneous detection only once every several tens of times. careful, a detection error may occur! ma motion sensor questions and answers performance q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 65 why is a detection signal output even though no object is in the detection area? q7 q26 q9 q27 q11 q28 q12 see here as well! q 8 a 2. is the sensor detecting the surface on which it is installed? the sensor emits infrared light in the form of a spot beam that gradually expands. the beam projector element is in the bottom part of the sensor, and thus if the sensor is installed on a surface parallel to the beam (wall, floor or ceiling), the beam may hit the surface and reflect back into the sen- sor. we recommend that you raise the sensor slightly off of the installation surface (approx. 50mm). detection error sensor lens projected spot beam receiver element projector element recommended installation raise approximately 50mm surface parallel to infrared beam (wall, floor, ceiling, etc.) ma motion sensor be aware of reflective surfaces! up and down directions 1. is there anything in front of the ma motion sensor with a reflective surface such as a mirror, metallic plate, or mar- ble? just as light reflects in a mirror, the infrared light emitted by the sensor will reflect off of an object with a reflective surface and return to the sensor. if this occurs, change the angle of attachment of the sensor slightly (no more than several degrees) as shown below. q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 64 is detection performance affected by the type of clothing worn? q8 see here as well! q 7 a the effect of clothing is negligible. light intensity type sensors, which have been in common use, detect an object based on the amount of reflected light and for this reason tend to be affected by the type of clothing worn. the ma motion sensor is a distance measurement type sensor, and variations in the detected distance due to differences in clothing material or color are negligible. stable detection is possible of objects having a reflectance ranging from 90% to 18%. the reflectance of clothing and body parts is indicated below. performance white paper detectable objects * objects with a high reflectance white cloth, white shirts, white sport shirts * intermediate objects objects with a colored pattern * objects with a low reflectance black formal clothing, fluffy or furry materials such as black fur, lustrous materials such as black lame objects that cannot be detected reference: reflectance of human skin: approximately 40% reflectance of hair: 3% to 40% (average 5%) mirrors, objects with metallic coating, mirror-like objects in which you can see your reflection (black car body, metal plates) hair reflectivity: 3% to 40% (average 5%) reflectivity: approximately 90% detection ma motion sensor questions and answers performance q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 63 gnd 2 4 5 1 timer ic pc 1555 njn 555 2 r1 r2 6 7 8 4 3 0.1 1 3 + m f i need to design pulse generating circuit using the external trigger type. could you show an example drive circuit? q7 see here as well! q 6 a example drive circuit notes: 1. the output transistor has an open collector structure. detection status: output transistor on (connected to gnd) non-detection status: output transistor off (open state) notes: 2. the status of the external trigger input is as follows: open at the high level gnd (less than 0.8v) at the low level under no circumstances must a high-level voltage be applied. notes: this is a sample circuit for driving an ma motion sensor. noise protection was not taken into consideration. to increase reliability and protect against noise, add a noise filter to the input. in addition, add a circuit that accepts the output in synchronization with the start sig- nal and issues a detection signal when the same output is repeated several times in succession. please note that we bear no responsibility for any damages or loss arising from the use of this circuit. power source external trigger input (note 2) output (note 1) q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 62 can a power source voltage other than 5 v be used? see here as well! q 4 a yes. two types are available: 1) 5v dc type (4.5 v to 6.5 v dc) 2) free power source type (6.5 v to 27 v dc) these two types provide compatibility with most common electronic devices. free power source type 6.5 v to 27v 5 v dc type 4.5 v to 6.5 v i would like to extend the wiring to 3 meters. is this possible? q26 see here as well! q 5 a in order to protect the internal circuit and reduce the influence of noise from the surrounding environment keep the wiring as short as possible within three meters. if inverters, motors, switching devices, or other devices are in close proximity, special caution is needed. if the sensor is going to be used in an environment with considerable noise, add a capacitor to the power input pin of the sensor. keep the wiring as short as possible! noise noise noise ma motion sensor questions and answers circuitry q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 61 note 1) each timer ic manufacturer requires different values for the resistance (r) and capacitance (c) used for the time setting. check with the manufacturer for these values before designing the circuit. note 2) this circuit is an example circuit for driving the ma motion sensor. please note that we bear no responsibility for any damages or loss arising from the use of this circuit. to increase reliability and noise tolerance, add noise filter. note that specification changes in the electronic components may prevent the circuit from operating correctly. be sure to verify performance and reliability when designing the circuit. what kind of circuit should be used to set the time (timer time) of the output signal? q2 see here as well! q 3 a refer to the following circuit. example of a relay drive circuit using a timer circuit input voltage timer ic timer time = r c the transistor turns on when the sensor detects some- thing connection to motion sensor select a transis- tor to match the relay vdd gnd out (5vdc) 0.1 m 47 m 0.1 m 10 m 10 m 10k gnd relay 47k 0.1 m 0.1 m 0.1 m 14 8 13 c r 74hc 123etc. 15 9 10 11 1 3 2 16 5v reg + + + q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 60 i would like to use two sensors simultane- ously to expand the detection area. will the sensors interfere with each other? see here as well! q 1 a yes. in order to avoid reciprocal interference when emissions occur simulta- neously, install the ma motion sensors (built-in oscillation circuit type) with the following spacing, or use an external trigger type for which operation can be adjusted by the trigger signal input. area reflective type ma motion sensor circuitry gnd gnd + + + + how should i design the circuit for output using a relay? q3 see here as well! q 2 a refer to the following circuits product number standard detection distance distance between sensors amb1*** short type 5 cm amb2*** middle type 10 cm amb3*** long type 20 cm 1. mechanical relay drive 2. for ssr drive load mechanical relay ssr ma motion sensor output power supply load ma motion sensor output power supply leave some space between us! q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 59 is detection performance affected by clothing? q20 q43 q21 q44 see here as well! q 46 a performance is slightly affected. the mp motion sensor detects the difference between the ambient temper- ature and the surface temperature of a person that enters the sensor detec- tion area; thus detection performance is slightly affected by the condition of the person and the ambient temperature. the human body emits more energy in the summer when people tend to wear clothing that exposes more of the body than in the winter, when only the face and hands may be exposed. however, actual detection performance is better in the winter because the lower ambient temperature has a greater effect on performance than the presence of more clothing. in general, changes in the ambi- ent temperature are of greater concern than clothing. yes, there is a difference! vdd gnd out led led 5v dc (680 w ) 1 100k w fet fet vdd gnd out + - + - + - + - is there an easy way to verify sensor operation? q1 q26 see here as well! q 47 a connect the sensor as shown here to have an led illumi- nate when the sensor detects a person. *1 use a resistor value appropriate for the current that is to flow through the led. sensor sensor resistor resistor q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 58 does the ambient temperature affect detection sensitivity? q20 q23 q21 q46 q22 see here as well! q 43 a yes. seasonal changes in the ambient temperature change the sensitivity of the sensor. detection becomes more difficult in the summer because there is less difference between the ambient temperature and the surface of the human body. in winter, the reverse is true. does detection take place when the ambient temperature is higher than the human body? how about when the ambient temperature is the same as the human body? q20 q22 q21 q23 see here as well! q 44 a yes. the sensor operates by detecting temperature changes caused by the motion of a body of a different temperature than the ambient temperature. therefore, detection takes place when the ambient temperature is higher than the human body. detection is also possible even when the ambient temperature is the same as the human body because not all parts of the body are the same temperature and the differences are detected when the body moves. does sunlight affect performance? q20 q21 q33 see here as well! q 45 a yes. when the sun suddenly shines or stops shining on the sensor, temperature changes occur. the sensor detects these changes and may output a detection sig- nal. be sure to install the sensor in a location not exposed to sunlight. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers using sensors q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 57 y detection zone a b c e d 1 3.281 (max. 7.42m) (max. 24.344ft) (max. 5.66m) (max. 18.570ft) x 2 6.562 2 6.562 3 9.843 3 9.843 4m 13.123ft 4m 13.123ft 1 3.281 1 3.281 1 3.281 2 6.562 2 6.562 3m 9.843ft 3m 9.843ft i would like to detect small animals like mice. what is the smallest object that can be detected? q40 see here as well! q 41 a the minimum detection size is that of one multi-lens (a circle several mil- limetres in diameter) when the object is in immediate proximity to the mp motion sensor. detection takes place when the object blocks part of the detection area and a temperature difference occurs. as the distance from the sensor increases, the detection area grows, and a larger object is necessary to create the temperature difference needed for detection. the minimum detection size depends on the distance from the object to the sensor and the magnitude of the temperature difference. use the sizes indi- cated in the following x-y cross-section diagram as a reference. will objects behind transparent panes such as glass or acrylic be detected? q10 q11 q36 see here as well! q 42 a no. the sensor can only detect wavelengths that are 5 ? or longer. common materials such as glass can only transmit near infrared wavelengths up to 2 ?, thus a person moving behind a glass window will not be detected. x 5m 16.404ft 5m 16.404ft 2.5m 8.202ft 2.5m 8.202ft 50 50 0 top view y 5m 16.404ft 5m 16.404ft 2.5m 8.202ft 2.5m 8.202ft 41 41 0 side view standard type x-y cross section detection area detection zone the sensor turns on (activates) when a temperature change occurs in one or more of the above detection zones. detection area transparent glass q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 56 can a sleeping person be detected? q32 q39 see here as well! q 38 a a person who remains completely still cannot be detected. however, detection is possible in the following instances: (use the slight motion type) *someone who frequently turns over in their sleep. *someone sleeping in bed who occasionally moves his or her feet or hands. *the frequency of movement can be used to detect whether the person is awake or asleep. (to detect someone who is lying completely still, use an area reflective type ma motion sensor.) mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers using sensors i need to detect both moving people and people standing still. q32 q38 see here as well! q 39 a use the high-sensitivity slight motion type. detection of a moving person is easy (standard function). although it is not possible to detect someone who is standing completely still, people almost never remain completely still. even the slightest movement can be detected by the sensor. the slight motion type is designed for the purpose of detecting slight movements of the hands and head. is detection possible when the distance between the person and the sensor is almost zero? q10 q41 see here as well! q 40 a yes. if a person enters the detection area, detection occurs. however, if the person is very close to the sensor, the person may cover the detection area and prevent the occurrence of temperature changes. in this case, detection will not occur. do not cover the detection area! q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 55 how can i change the detection area? q9 q11 q10 q42 see here as well! q 36 a the detection area can be changed by changing the angle of attachment of the sensor, and by placing a slit in front of the sensor that limits the area detected. if you find it difficult to calculate the desired detection area, please consult us. setting the sensor so it will not detect people who are far away for detection in only a limited area sensor detection area sensor detection area use slit use tube can the sensor be installed on a moving body? q20 see here as well! q 37 a no. the mp motion sensor is normally installed in a static location. when an object enters the detection area, the sensor detects changes in the amount of infrared radiation in the detection area. if the sensor were to move, it might mistake changes in the wall and floor temperature for a moving object of a different temperature and activate. q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 54 mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers using sensors how should the sensor be waterproofed? q13 q42 q33 q45 q35 see here as well! q 34 a the sensor itself is not waterproof. the following is an example of how it can be waterproofed. general waterproofing example cover the entire sensor with a box, and use a polyethylene sheet for the front face. the thickness of the polyethylene sheet should be no more than 0.5 mm. if any thicker, the sensitivity of the sensor will drop by more than half. polyethylene sheet caution: sensitivity will fall. be sure to verify that the sensor performs as desired in the actual condi- tions of use. does condensation ever form inside the metal package of the sensor? q33 q34 see here as well! q 35 a in general, no. however, be sure to perform performance and reliability tests in the operating environment before com- mencing design. dry air is sealed into the metal can package of the sensor, thus there is in general almost no moisture inside the metal can. however, if the sensor is to be used outdoors, take sufficient measures for waterproofing and protec- tion against dust, condensation and freezing. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 l = 9 m thickness (mm) transmittance (%) reference: infrared transmittance vs. polyethylene sheet thickness q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 53 what is the difference between the stan- dard type and the slight motion type? q38 q39 see here as well! q 32 a in general the standard type is for detection of large-scale motion, such as a person walking. the slight motion type is for small-scale movement such as slight movements of the hands or head of a person sitting. when you need uniform detection sensitivity over a wide, far-reaching area, use the standard type. when you need to detect people that are sitting and barely move such as in a conference room or office, or people that move only slightly, use the slight motion type. using sensors standard type slight motion type is outdoor use possible? q24 q35 q34 q45 see here as well! q 33 a waterproofing freezing condensation dust protection basically, you should not. mp motion sensors are designed for indoor use (for common indoor elec- tronic devices). if you need to use a sensor outdoors, take measures to waterproof the sensor and protect it from dust, condensation, and freezing. there are many causes of temperature changes outdoors, and detection errors may result. a typical outdoor application is entry light control. in this case the sensor is normally in close proximity to a wall and roof which help to limit tempera- ture changes, and operation takes place at night when the temperature remains fairly uniform. q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 52 what is a comparator? see here as well! q 30 a the amount of infrared radiation emitted from the human body is very small, and the signal cannot be processed by the circuit as is. for this rea- son, the signal is amplified by the amplifier circuit. the amplified signal must then be compared to the reference level. if the amplified circuit is greater than the reference level, a person is considered to have entered the detec- tion area and a signal is output. the circuit that makes this comparison is called a comparator. mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers terminology what is a passive infrared element? see here as well! q 28 a this is a sensor element whose surface is pre-charged. the charge changes due to infrared radiation from the object detected, and the change is output as a voltage change. terminology it s in here! lens passive infrared element 9mm what is a to5 metal package? see here as well! q 29 a cap stem chip lead as shown at right, a to5 package con- sists of a metal semiconductor chip mounting 9 mm in diameter, a doshshaped component called a stem that holds the external leads, and a metal cap that covers the semiconductor chip. q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 50 what is the tolerance to external surges and noise? see here as well! q 25 a noise (noise components) from the ambient environment and power supply will affect operation. use the sensor in an environment with as little noise as possible. reference: distance at which cellular telephone noise does not affect sensor: 1 to 2 cm or greater what is your policy with respect to age deterioration? see here as well! q 26 a we estimate the age deterioration in the operating environ- ment of the sensor based on testing of the components hav- ing the greatest effect on operation. in the case of the nppion sensor, the passive infrared elements have the most effect on operation. we estimate the age deterioration of the sensor based on accelerated reliability tests (thb tests, etc.). the test results indi- cate that the sensor should operate without problem at normal room tem- perature and humidity for 10 years or more. assuming battery power will be used, what is the life of the batteries? see here as well! q 27 a *duration of battery use (per month): 24 hours per day, 30 days per month *sensor detection frequency: 4000 times per month (5 to 6 times per hour) detection output time: 1 minute per detection *using a 5000 mah lithium battery: 3.2 years *using a 1200 mah lithium battery: 9.3 months mp motion sensor ?uestions and answers performance current consumption standby 170? (typ.) during detection 270? (typ.) output (when at 100?) q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 49 the maximum operating ambient temper- ature is given as 60?. the sensor cannot be used at a higher temperature? q23 q43 q44 see here as well! q 22 a no, the standard product cannot be used at a higher temperature. the operating ambient temperature range is ?0? to +60?. what will happen if a sensor is used out- side of the operating ambient temperature range? q22 q43 q44 see here as well! q 23 a a detection signal may be output even though nothing is detected. or, a detection signal may not be output even though a person is detected. (performance cannot be guaranteed.) the operating ambient temperature range is ?0? to +60?. what will happen if dirt or dust gathers on the sensor surface? q33 see here as well! q 24 a dust has hardly any effect on sen- sor operation. however, a large piece of debris that covers part of the lens surface will interfere with operation. no problem with dust or small debris! q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 48 reliability data of ma motion sensor conditions of measurement: temperature = 25 5?c, humidity = 40 to 70%, air pressure = 86 to 106 kpa tested characteristic test conditions pass/fail criteria test result heat resistance temperature: 85 3?c test time: 96 hours after test: change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of initial value. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed resistance to thermal shock low temperature: -30 3?c high temperature: 85 3?c time of one cycle: 30 min- utes each for high and low temperatures number of cycles: 100 after test: change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of initial value. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed low temperature resistance temperature: -30 3?c test time: 96 hours after test: change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of initial value. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed operating temperature range low temperature limit: -25 3?c high temperature limit: 75 3?c during test: no errors, operation failures, or damage. change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of the value at 25?c. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed temperature/ humidity cycle temperature: -10 3?c to 65 3?c humidity: 90% time of one cycle: 24 hours number of cycles: 10 after test: change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of initial value. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed vibration resistance vibration frequency: 10 to 55 hz amplitude: 1.5 mm direction of application: 3 direc- tions application time: 30 minutes each directions after test: change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of initial value. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed shock resistance shock value: 100 g direction of application: 3 directions application times: 3 times each after test: change in detection distance performance is no more than ?0% of initial value. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed output characteristics power source voltage: nominal power source voltage output load voltage: 30 v dc leakage current: 3 ? or less (measured with micro-ammeter when output tr is off) number of pieces tested: n = 3 defective pieces: c = 0 passed dropping tolerance (no packing) height: 80 cm direction of drop: 6 directions number of times: once each direction drop surface: vinyl chloride tile after test: no destruction. visual inspection reveals no structural abnormalities. number of pieces tested: n = 6 defective pieces: c = 0 passed q&a_layout 02.2.12 2:08 pm page 79 |
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